Wireless Client and Wireless Access Point Manual
Document revision: | 1.8 (Tue Nov 23 18:04:38 GMT 2004) |
Applies to: | V2.8 |
General Information
Summary
The wireless interface operates using IEEE 802.11 set of standards. It uses radio waves as a physical signal carrier and is capable of wireless data transmission with speeds up to 108 Mbps (in 5GHz turbo-mode).
MikroTik RouterOS supports the Intersil Prism II PC/PCI, Atheros AR5000, AR5001X, AR5001X+, AR5002X+, and AR5004X+ chipset based wireless adapter cards for working as wireless clients (station mode), wireless bridges (bridge mode), wireless access points (ap-bridge mode), and for antenna positioning (alignment-only mode). For further information about supported wireless adapters, see Device Driver List
MikroTik RouterOS provides a complete support for IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networking standards. There are several features implemented for the wireless data communication in RouterOS - WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), AES encryption, WDS (Wireless Distribution System), DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection), Alignment mode (for positioning antennas and monitoring wireless signal), VAP (Virtual Access Point), Fast Frames, disable packet forwarding among clients, and others. You can see the feature list which are supported by various cards.
The nstreme protocol is MikroTik proprietary (i.e., incompatible with other vendors) wireless protocol created to improve point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless links. Nstreme2 works with a pair of wireless cards (Atheros AR5210, AR5211, AR5212 and AR5213 MAC chips only) - one for transmitting data and one for receiving.
Benefits of nstreme protocol:
- Client polling
- Very low protocol overhead per frame allowing super-high data rates
- No protocol limits on link distance
- No protocol speed degradation for long link distances
- Dynamic protocol adjustment depending on traffic type and resource usage
Quick Setup Guide
Let's consider that you have a wireless interface, called wlan1.
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To set it as an Access Point, working in 802.11g standard in compatibility mode (i.e., both 802.11b and 802.11g clients are allowed to connect), using frequency 2442 MHz and Service Set Identifier test:
/interface wireless set wlan1 ssid="test" frequency=2442 band=2.4ghz-b/g \ mode=ap-bridge disabled=no
Now your router is ready to accept wireless clients.
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To make a point-to-point connection, using 802.11a standard, frequency 5805 MHz and Service Set Identifier p2p:
/interface wireless set wlan1 ssid="p2p" frequency=5805 band=5ghz \ mode=bridge disabled=no
The remote interface should be configured to station as showed below.
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To make the wireless interface as a wireless station, working in 802.11a standard and Service Set Identifier p2p:
/interface wireless set wlan1 ssid="p2p" band=5ghz mode=station disabled=no
Specifications
Packages required: wirelessLicense required: Level4 (station and bridge mode) , Level5 (station, bridge and AP mode)
Submenu level: /interface wireless
Standards and Technologies: IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g
Hardware usage: Not significant
Related Documents
Description
The Atheros card has been tested for distances up to 20 km providing connection speed up to 17Mbit/s. With appropriate antennas and cabling the maximum distance should be as far as 50 km. Nstreme has no distance limitations.
These values of ack-timeout were approximated from the tests done by us, as well as by some of our customers:
range | ack-timeout | ||
5GHz | 5GHz-turbo | 2.4GHz-G | |
0km | default | default | default |
5km | 52 | 30 | 62 |
10km | 85 | 48 | 96 |
15km | 121 | 67 | 133 |
20km | 160 | 89 | 174 |
25km | 203 | 111 | 219 |
30km | 249 | 137 | 368 |
35km | 298 | 168 | 320 |
40km | 350 | 190 | 375 |
45km | 405 | - | - |
Please note that these are not the precise values. Depending on hardware used and many other factors they may vary up to +/- 15 microseconds.
You can also use a dynamic value - the router will determine the ack-timeout setting automatically.
The nstreme protocol may be operated in three modes:
- Point-to-Point mode - controlled point-to-point mode with one radio on each side
- Dual radio Point-to-Point mode (nstreme2) - the protocol will use two radios on both sides simultaneously (one for transmitting data and one for receiving), allowing superfast point-to-point connection
- Point-to-Multipoint - controlled point-to-multipoint mode with client polling (like AP-controlled TokenRing)
The MikroTik RouterOS supports as many Atheros chipset based cards as many free adapter slots are there on your system. One license is valid for all cards on your system. Note that maximal number of PCMCIA sockets is 8.
Some chipsets are not stable with Atheros cards and cause radio to stop working. Via Epia, MikroTik RouterBoard and systems based on Intel i815 and i845 chipsets are tested and work stable with Atheros cards. There might be many other chipsets that are working stable, but it has been reported that some older chipsets, and some systems based on AMD Duron CPU are not stable.
Only AR5212 and newer Atheros MAC chips are stable with RouterBOARD200 connected via RouterBOARD14 four-port MiniPCI-to-PCI adapter. This note only applies to the RouterBOARD200 platform with multiple Atheros-based cards.
Wireless Interface Configuration
Submenu level: /interface wirelessDescription
In this section we will discuss the most important part of the configuration.
Property Description
802.1x-mode (PEAP-MSCHAPV2 | none; default: none) - whether to use Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version 2 for authenticationack-timeout (integer | dynamic | indoor) - acknowledgment code timeout (transmission acceptance timeout) in microseconds or one of these:indoor - standard constant for indoor environment
ant-b - use only antenna b
rxa-txb - use antenna a for receiving packets, use antenna b for transmitting packets
txa-rxb - use antenna a for transmitting packets, antenna b for receiving packets
2.4ghz-b/g - IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g
2.4ghz-g-turbo - IEEE 802.11g up to 108 Mbit
2.4ghz-onlyg - IEEE 802.11g
5ghz - IEEE 802.11a up to 54 Mbit
5ghz-turbo - IEEE 802.11a up to 108Mbit
no-radar-detect - AP scans channel list from scan-list and chooses the frequency which is with the lowest amount of other networks detected
radar-detect - AP scans channel list from scan-list and chooses the frequency which is with the lowest amount of other networks detected, if no radar is detected in this channel for 60 seconds, the AP starts to operate at this channel, if radar is detected while working in AP mode, the AP continues searching for the next available channel where no radar is detected
no - ssid is included in beacon frames. AP replies to probe-requests with the given ssid ant to 'broadcast ssid' (empty ssid)
ap-bridge - the interface is operating as an Access Point
bridge - the interface is operating as a bridge
nstreme-dual-slave - the interface is used for nstreme-dual mode
station - the interface is operating as a client
station-wds - the interface is working as a station, but can communicate with a WDS peer
wds-slave - the interface is working as it would work in ap-bridge mode, but it adapts to its WDS peer's frequency if it is changed
configured - basic and supported-rates settings are used as configured
dynamic - WDS interfaces are created 'on the fly'
static - WDS interfaces are created manually
Notes
It is strongly suggested to leave basic rates at the lowest setting possible.
Before it will be possible to manually control
If disable-running-check value is set to no, the router determines whether the network interface is up and running - in order to show flag R for AP, one or more clients have to be registered to it, for station, it should be connected to an AP. If the interface does not appear as running (R), its route in the routing table is shown as invalid! If set to yes, the interface will always be shown as running.
The tx-power default setting is the maximum tx-power that the card can use. If you want to use larger tx-rates, you are able to set them, but do it at your own risk! Usually, you can use this parameter to reduce the tx-power.
You should set tx-power property to an appropriate value as many cards do not have their default setting set to the maximal power it can work on. For the cards MikroTik is selling (5G/ABM), 20dBm (100mW) is the maximal power in 5GHz bands and 18dBm (65mW) is the maximal power in 2.4GHz bands.
For different versions of Atheros chipset there are different value range of ack-timeout property:
Chipset version | 5GHz | 5GHz-turbo | 2GHz-B | 2GHz-G | |||||||
default | max | default | max | default | max | default | max | ||||
5000 (5.2GHz only) | 30 | 204 | 22 | 102 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
5211 (802.11a/b) | 30 | 409 | 22 | 204 | 109 | 409 | N/A | N/A | |||
5212 (802.11a/b/g) | 25 | 409 | 22 | 204 | 30 | 409 | 52 | 409 |
If wireless interfaces are put in nstreme-dual-slave mode, all configuration will take place in /interface wireless nstreme-dual submenu described further on. In that case, configuration made in this submenu will be ignored. Also WDS mode can not be used together with the Nstreme-dual
Example
Let us consider an example: a MikroTik router is connected to an AP using Atheros card and the AP is operating in IEEE 802.11b standard with ssid=hotspot.
To see current interface settings:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 X name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:3D:4E arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5211 mode=station ssid="MikroTik" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default burst-time=disabled fast-frames=no dfs-mode=none antenna-mode=ant-a wds-mode=disabled wds-default-bridge=none wds-ignore-ssid=no default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>
Set the ssid to hotspot and enable the interface. Use the monitor command to see the connection status.
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> set 0 ssid=hotspot band=2.4ghz-b \ disabled=no [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> mo 0 status: connected-to-ess band: 2.4ghz-b frequency: 2442 tx-rate: 11Mbps rx-rate: 11Mbps ssid: hotspot bssid: 00:0B:6B:31:08:22 radio-name: 000B6B310822 signal-strength: -55 tx-signal-strength: -55 tx-ccq: 99 rx-ccq: 98 current-ack-timeout: 110 current-distance: 110 wds-link: no nstreme: no framing-mode: none routeros-version: 2.8.15 last-ip: 192.168.0.254 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>
Monitor from the Access Point:
[admin@AP] interface wireless> mo 0 status: running-ap band: 2.4ghz-b frequency: 2442 overall-tx-ccq: 58 registered-clients: 2 current-ack-timeout: 30 current-distance: 30 nstreme: no
Nstreme Settings
Submenu level: /interface wireless nstremeDescription
You can switch a wireless card to the nstreme mode. In that case the card will work only with nstreme clients.
Property Description
enable-nstreme (yes | no; default: no) - whether to switch the card into the nstreme modeenable-polling (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to use polling for clientsframer-limit (integer; default: 3200) - maximal frame sizeframer-policy (none | best-fit | exact-size | fast-frames | dynamic-size; default: none) - the method how to combine frames (like fast-frames setting in interface configuration). A number of frames may be combined into one bigger one to reduce the amout of protocol overhead (and thus increase speed). The card are not waiting for frames, but in case a number packets are queued for transmitting, they can be combined. There are several methods of framing:fast-frames - use fast-frame mode of the radio card
best-fit - put as much packets as possible in one frame, until the framer-limit limit is met, but do not fragment packets
exact-size - put as much packets as possible in one frame, until the framer-limit limit is met, even if fragmentation will be needed (best performance)
dynamic-size - choose the best frame size dynamically
Example
To enable the nstreme protocol on the wlan1 radio with exact-size framing:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme> print 0 name="wlan1" enable-nstreme=no enable-polling=yes framer-policy=none framer-limit=3200 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme> set wlan1 enable-nstreme=yes \ \... framer-policy=exact-size
Nstreme2 Group Settings
Submenu level: /interface wireless nstreme-dualDescription
Two radios in nstreme-dual-slave mode can be grouped together to make nstreme2 Point-to-Point connection
Property Description
arp (disabled | enabled | proxy-arp | reply-only; default: enabled) - Address Resolution Protocol settingdisable-running-check (yes | no) - whether the interface should always be treated as running even if there is no connection to a remote peerframer-limit (integer; default: 4000) - maximal frame sizeframer-policy (none | best-fit | exact-size; default: none) - the method how to combine frames (like fast-frames setting in interface configuration). A number of frames may be combined into one bigger one to reduce the amout of protocol overhead (and thus increase speed). The card are not waiting for frames, but in case a number packets are queued for transmitting, they can be combined. There are several methods of framing:best-fit - put as much packets as possible in one frame, until the framer-limit limit is met, but do not fragment packets
exact-size - put as much packets as possible in one frame, until the framer-limit limit is met, even if fragmentation will be needed (best performance)
2.4ghz-g - IEEE 802.11g
2.4ghz-g-turbo - IEEE 802.11g in Atheros proprietary turbo mode (up to 108Mbit)
5ghz - IEEE 802.11a up to 54 Mbit
5ghz-turbo - IEEE 802.11a in Atheros proprietary turbo mode (up to 108Mbit)
2.4ghz-g - IEEE 802.11g
2.4ghz-g-turbo - IEEE 802.11g in Atheros proprietary turbo mode (up to 108Mbit)
5ghz - IEEE 802.11a up to 54 Mbit
5ghz-turbo - IEEE 802.11a in Atheros proprietary turbo mode (up to 108Mbit)
Notes
WDS can not be used on Nstreme-dual links.
Example
To enable the nstreme2 protocol on a router:
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Having two Atheros AR5212 based cards which are not used for anything else, to group them into a nstreme interface, switch both of them into nstreme-slave mode:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:31:02:4F arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5212 radio-name="000B6B31024F" mode=station ssid="MikroTik" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default burst-time=disabled fast-frames=no dfs-mode=none antenna-mode=ant-a wds-mode=disabled wds-default-bridge=none update-stats-interval=disabled default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none 1 name="wlan2" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:30:B4:A4 arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5212 radio-name="000B6B30B4A4" mode=station ssid="MikroTik" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default burst-time=disabled fast-frames=no dfs-mode=none antenna-mode=ant-a wds-mode=disabled wds-default-bridge=none update-stats-interval=disabled default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> set 0,1 mode=nstreme-dual-slave
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Then add nstreme2 interface with exact-size framing:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme-dual> add \ \... framer-policy=exact-size
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And configure which card will be receiving, and wich - transmitting
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme-dual> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 X name="n-streme1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:00:00:00:00:00 arp=enabled disable-running-check=no tx-radio=(unknown) rx-radio=(unknown) remote-mac=00:00:00:00:00:00 tx-band=5GHz tx-frequency=5180 rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps rx-band=5GHz rx-frequency=5320 framer-policy=exact-size framer-limit=4000 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme-dual> set 0 disabled=no \ \... tx-radio=wlan1 rx-radio=wlan2 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme-dual>
Registration Table
Submenu level: /interface wireless registration-tableDescription
In the registration table you can see various information about currently connected clients. It is used only for Access Points.
Property Description
ack-timeout (read-only: integer) - acknowledgment code timeout (transmission acceptance timeout) in microseconds or one of theseap (read-only: no | yes) - whether the connected node is an Access Point or notbytes (read-only: integer, integer) - number of received and sent bytesdistance (read-only: integer) - the same as ack-timeoutframing-mode (read-only: none | best-fit | exact-size | fast-frames | dynamic-size; default: none) - the method how the frames are combinedinterface (read-only: name) - interface that client is registered tolast-activity (read-only: time) - last interface data tx/rx activitymac-address (read-only: MAC address) - MAC address of the registered clientnstreme (read-only: yes | no) - whether the client uses Nstreme protocol or notpackets (read-only: integer, integer) - number of received and sent packetsradio-name (read-only: name) - MT proprietary extension for Atheros cardsrouteros-version (read-only: text) - if the client is a MikroTik router, this value shows its versionrx-ccq (read-only: integer: 0..100) - Client Connection Quality - a value in percent that shows how effective the receive bandwidth is used regarding the theoretically maximum available bandwidthrx-rate (read-only: integer) - receive data ratesignal-strength (read-only: integer) - signal strength in dBmtx-ccq (read-only: integer: 0..100) - Client Connection Quality - a value in percent that shows how effective the transmit bandwidth is used regarding the theoretically maximum available bandwidthtx-rate (read-only: integer) - transmit data ratetx-signal-strength (read-only: integer) - transmit signal level in dBmuptime (read-only: time) - time the client is associated with the access pointwds (read-only: yes | no) - whether client uses WDS or notExample
To see registration table showing all clients currently associated with the access point:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless registration-table> print # INTERFACE RADIO-NAME MAC-ADDRESS AP SIGNAL... TX-RATE 0 wlan1 000124703D61 00:01:24:70:3D:61 no -66 9Mbps
To get additional statistics:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> registration-table print stats 0 interface=wlan1 radio-name="000124703D61" mac-address=00:01:24:70:3D:61 ap=no wds=no rx-rate=54Mbps tx-rate=9Mbps packets=4,28 bytes=41,2131 frames=4,28 frame-bytes=41,2131 hw-frames=4,92 hw-frame-bytes=137,4487 uptime=00:11:08 last-activity=00:00:03.940 signal-strength=-66 tx-signal-strength=-61 tx-ccq=2 rx-ccq=1 ack-timeout=28 distance=28 nstreme=no framing-mode=none routeros-version="2.8.14" [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>
Access List
Submenu level: /interface wireless access-listDescription
The access list is used by the Access Point to restrict associations of clients and by clients to restrict associations to a given list of APs. This list contains MAC address of client and associated action to take when client attempts to connect. Also, the forwarding of frames sent by the client is controlled.
The association procedure is as follows: when a new client wants to associate to the AP that is configured on interface wlanN, an entry with client's MAC address and interface wlanN is looked up in the access-list. If such entry is found, action specified in the access list is performed, else default-authentication and default-forwarding arguments of interface wlanN are taken.
Property Description
authentication (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to accept or to reject this client when it tries to connectforwarding (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to forward the client's frames to other wireless clientsinterface (name) - AP interface namemac-address (MAC address) - MAC address of the clientprivate-algo (104bit-wep | 40bit-wep | aes-ccm | none) - which encryption algorithm to useprivate-key (text; default: "") - private key of the client to use for private-algo skip-802.1x (yes | no) - not implemented, yetNotes
If you have default authentication action for the interface set to yes, you can disallow this node to register at the AP's interface wlanN by setting authentication=no for it. Thus, all nodes except this one will be able to register to the interface wlanN.
If you have default authentication action for the interface set to no, you can allow this node to register at the AP's interface wlanN by setting authentication=yes for it. Thus, only the specified nodes will be able to register to the interface wlanN.
Example
To allow authentication and forwarding for the client 00:01:24:70:3A:BB from the wlan1 interface using WEP 40bit algorithm with the key 1234567890:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless access-list> add mac-address= \ \... 00:01:24:70:3A:BB interface=wlan1 private-algo=40bit-wep private-key=1234567890 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless access-list> print Flags: X - disabled 0 mac-address=00:01:24:70:3A:BB interface=wlan1 authentication=yes forwarding=yes skip-802.1x=yes private-algo=40bit-wep private-key="1234567890" [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless access-list>
Info
Submenu level: /interface wireless infoDescription
This facility provides you with general wireless interface information.
Property Description
2ghz-b-channels (multiple choice, read-only: 2312, 2317, 2322, 2327, 2332, 2337, 2342, 2347, 2352, 2357, 2362, 2367, 2372, 2412, 2417, 2422, 2427, 2432, 2437, 2442, 2447, 2452, 2457, 2462, 2467, 2472, 2484, 2512, 2532, 2552, 2572, 2592, 2612, 2632, 2652, 2672, 2692, 2712, 2732) - the list of 2.4ghz IEEE 802.11b channels (frequencies are given in MHz)2ghz-g-channels (multiple choice, read-only: 2312, 2317, 2322, 2327, 2332, 2337, 2342, 2347, 2352, 2357, 2362, 2367, 2372, 2412, 2417, 2422, 2427, 2432, 2437, 2442, 2447, 2452, 2457, 2462, 2467, 2472, 2512, 2532, 2552, 2572, 2592, 2612, 2632, 2652, 2672, 2692, 2712, 2732, 2484) - the list of 2.4ghz IEEE 802.11g channels (frequencies are given in MHz)5ghz-channels (multiple choice, read-only: 4920, 4925, 4930, 4935, 4940, 4945, 4950, 4955, 4960, 4965, 4970, 4975, 4980, 4985, 4990, 4995, 5000, 5005, 5010, 5015, 5020, 5025, 5030, 5035, 5040, 5045, 5050, 5055, 5060, 5065, 5070, 5075, 5080, 5085, 5090, 5095, 5100, 5105, 5110, 5115, 5120, 5125, 5130, 5135, 5140, 5145, 5150, 5155, 5160, 5165, 5170, 5175, 5180, 5185, 5190, 5195, 5200, 5205, 5210, 5215, 5220, 5225, 5230, 5235, 5240, 5245, 5250, 5255, 5260, 5265, 5270, 5275, 5280, 5285, 5290, 5295, 5300, 5305, 5310, 5315, 5320, 5325, 5330, 5335, 5340, 5345, 5350, 5355, 5360, 5365, 5370, 5375, 5380, 5385, 5390, 5395, 5400, 5405, 5410, 5415, 5420, 5425, 5430, 5435, 5440, 5445, 5450, 5455, 5460, 5465, 5470, 5475, 5480, 5485, 5490, 5495, 5500, 5505, 5510, 5515, 5520, 5525, 5530, 5535, 5540, 5545, 5550, 5555, 5560, 5565, 5570, 5575, 5580, 5585, 5590, 5595, 5600, 5605, 5610, 5615, 5620, 5625, 5630, 5635, 5640, 5645, 5650, 5655, 5660, 5665, 5670, 5675, 5680, 5685, 5690, 5695, 5700, 5705, 5710, 5715, 5720, 5725, 5730, 5735, 5740, 5745, 5750, 5755, 5760, 5765, 5770, 5775, 5780, 5785, 5790, 5795, 5800, 5805, 5810, 5815, 5820, 5825, 5830, 5835, 5840, 5845, 5850, 5855, 5860, 5865, 5870, 5875, 5880, 5885, 5890, 5895, 5900, 5905, 5910, 5915, 5920, 5925, 5930, 5935, 5940, 5945, 5950, 5955, 5960, 5965, 5970, 5975, 5980, 5985, 5990, 5995, 6000, 6005, 6010, 6015, 6020, 6025, 6030, 6035, 6040, 6045, 6050, 6055, 6060, 6065, 6070, 6075, 6080, 6085, 6090, 6095, 6100) - the list of 5ghz channels (frequencies are given in MHz)5ghz-turbo-channels (multiple choice, read-only: 4920, 4925, 4930, 4935, 4940, 4945, 4950, 4955, 4960, 4965, 4970, 4975, 4980, 4985, 4990, 4995, 5000, 5005, 5010, 5015, 5020, 5025, 5030, 5035, 5040, 5045, 5050, 5055, 5060, 5065, 5070, 5075, 5080, 5085, 5090, 5095, 5100, 5105, 5110, 5115, 5120, 5125, 5130, 5135, 5140, 5145, 5150, 5155, 5160, 5165, 5170, 5175, 5180, 5185, 5190, 5195, 5200, 5205, 5210, 5215, 5220, 5225, 5230, 5235, 5240, 5245, 5250, 5255, 5260, 5265, 5270, 5275, 5280, 5285, 5290, 5295, 5300, 5305, 5310, 5315, 5320, 5325, 5330, 5335, 5340, 5345, 5350, 5355, 5360, 5365, 5370, 5375, 5380, 5385, 5390, 5395, 5400, 5405, 5410, 5415, 5420, 5425, 5430, 5435, 5440, 5445, 5450, 5455, 5460, 5465, 5470, 5475, 5480, 5485, 5490, 5495, 5500, 5505, 5510, 5515, 5520, 5525, 5530, 5535, 5540, 5545, 5550, 5555, 5560, 5565, 5570, 5575, 5580, 5585, 5590, 5595, 5600, 5605, 5610, 5615, 5620, 5625, 5630, 5635, 5640, 5645, 5650, 5655, 5660, 5665, 5670, 5675, 5680, 5685, 5690, 5695, 5700, 5705, 5710, 5715, 5720, 5725, 5730, 5735, 5740, 5745, 5750, 5755, 5760, 5765, 5770, 5775, 5780, 5785, 5790, 5795, 5800, 5805, 5810, 5815, 5820, 5825, 5830, 5835, 5840, 5845, 5850, 5855, 5860, 5865, 5870, 5875, 5880, 5885, 5890, 5895, 5900, 5905, 5910, 5915, 5920, 5925, 5930, 5935, 5940, 5945, 5950, 5955, 5960, 5965, 5970, 5975, 5980, 5985, 5990, 5995, 6000, 6005, 6010, 6015, 6020, 6025, 6030, 6035, 6040, 6045, 6050, 6055, 6060, 6065, 6070, 6075, 6080, 6085, 6090, 6095, 6100) - the list of 5ghz-turbo channels (frequencies are given in MHz)ack-timeout-control (read-only: yes | no) - provides information whether this device supports transmission acceptance timeout controlalignment-mode (read-only: yes | no) - is the alignment-only mode supported by this interfaceburst-support (yes | no) - whether the interface supports data bursts (burst-time)firmware (read-only: text) - current firmware of the interface (used only for Prism chipset based cards)interface-type (read-only: text) - shows the hardware interface typenoise-floor-control (read-only: yes | no) - does this interface support noise-floor-thershold detectionscan-support (yes | no) - whether the interface supports scan function ('/interface wireless scan')supported-bands (multiple choice, read-only: 2ghz-b | 2ghz-g | 5ghz | 5ghz-turbo) - the list of supported bandstx-power-control (read-only: yes | no) - provides information whether this device supports transmission power controlvirtual-aps (read-only: yes | no) - whether this interface supports Virtual Access Points ('/interface wireless add')Notes
There is a special argument for the print command - print count-only. It forces the print command to print only the count of information topics.
In RouterOS v2.8 and above /interface wireless info print command shows only channels supported by particular card. This behaviour differs from one in v2.7, where wireless info print command showed all channels, even those not supported by particular card.
Example
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless info> print 0 interface-type=Atheros AR5212 tx-power-control=yes ack-timeout-control=yes alignment-mode=yes virtual-aps=yes noise-floor-control=yes scan-support=yes burst-support=yes nstreme-support=yes supported-bands=2ghz-b,5ghz,5ghz-turbo,2ghz-g 2ghz-b-channels=2312,2317,2322,2327,2332,2337,2342,2347,2352,2357,2362,2367, 2372,2412,2417,2422,2427,2432,2437,2442,2447,2452,2457,2462, 2467,2472,2512,2532,2552,2572,2592,2612,2632,2652,2672,2692, 2712,2732,2484 5ghz-channels=4920,4925,4930,4935,4940,4945,4950,4955,4960,4965,4970,4975, 4980,4985,4990,4995,5000,5005,5010,5015,5020,5025,5030,5035, 5040,5045,5050,5055,5060,5065,5070,5075,5080,5085,5090,5095, 5100,5105,5110,5115,5120,5125,5130,5135,5140,5145,5150,5155, 5160,5165,5170,5175,5180,5185,5190,5195,5200,5205,5210,5215, 5220,5225,5230,5235,5240,5245,5250,5255,5260,5265,5270,5275, 5280,5285,5290,5295,5300,5305,5310,5315,5320,5325,5330,5335, 5340,5345,5350,5355,5360,5365,5370,5375,5380,5385,5390,5395, 5400,5405,5410,5415,5420,5425,5430,5435,5440,5445,5450,5455, 5460,5465,5470,5475,5480,5485,5490,5495,5500,5505,5510,5515, 5520,5525,5530,5535,5540,5545,5550,5555,5560,5565,5570,5575, 5580,5585,5590,5595,5600,5605,5610,5615,5620,5625,5630,5635, 5640,5645,5650,5655,5660,5665,5670,5675,5680,5685,5690,5695, 5700,5705,5710,5715,5720,5725,5730,5735,5740,5745,5750,5755, 5760,5765,5770,5775,5780,5785,5790,5795,5800,5805,5810,5815, 5820,5825,5830,5835,5840,5845,5850,5855,5860,5865,5870,5875, 5880,5885,5890,5895,5900,5905,5910,5915,5920,5925,5930,5935, 5940,5945,5950,5955,5960,5965,5970,5975,5980,5985,5990,5995, 6000,6005,6010,6015,6020,6025,6030,6035,6040,6045,6050,6055, 6060,6065,6070,6075,6080,6085,6090,6095,6100 5ghz-turbo-channels=4920,4925,4930,4935,4940,4945,4950,4955,4960,4965,4970, 4975,4980,4985,4990,4995,5000,5005,5010,5015,5020,5025, 5030,5035,5040,5045,5050,5055,5060,5065,5070,5075,5080, 5085,5090,5095,5100,5105,5110,5115,5120,5125,5130,5135, 5140,5145,5150,5155,5160,5165,5170,5175,5180,5185,5190, 5195,5200,5205,5210,5215,5220,5225,5230,5235,5240,5245, 5250,5255,5260,5265,5270,5275,5280,5285,5290,5295,5300, 5305,5310,5315,5320,5325,5330,5335,5340,5345,5350,5355, 5360,5365,5370,5375,5380,5385,5390,5395,5400,5405,5410, 5415,5420,5425,5430,5435,5440,5445,5450,5455,5460,5465, 5470,5475,5480,5485,5490,5495,5500,5505,5510,5515,5520, 5525,5530,5535,5540,5545,5550,5555,5560,5565,5570,5575, 5580,5585,5590,5595,5600,5605,5610,5615,5620,5625,5630, 5635,5640,5645,5650,5655,5660,5665,5670,5675,5680,5685, 5690,5695,5700,5705,5710,5715,5720,5725,5730,5735,5740, 5745,5750,5755,5760,5765,5770,5775,5780,5785,5790,5795, 5800,5805,5810,5815,5820,5825,5830,5835,5840,5845,5850, 5855,5860,5865,5870,5875,5880,5885,5890,5895,5900,5905, 5910,5915,5920,5925,5930,5935,5940,5945,5950,5955,5960, 5965,5970,5975,5980,5985,5990,5995,6000,6005,6010,6015, 6020,6025,6030,6035,6040,6045,6050,6055,6060,6065,6070, 6075,6080,6085,6090,6095,6100 2ghz-g-channels=2312,2317,2322,2327,2332,2337,2342,2347,2352,2357,2362,2367, 2372,2412,2417,2422,2427,2432,2437,2442,2447,2452,2457,2462, 2467,2472,2512,2532,2552,2572,2592,2612,2632,2652,2672,2692, 2712,2732,2484 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless info>
Virtual Access Point Interface
Submenu level: /interface wirelessDescription
Virtual Access Point (VAP) interface is used to have an additional AP. You can create a new AP with different ssid. It can be compared with a VLAN where the ssid from VAP is the VLAN tag and the hardware interface is the VLAN switch.
Note that you cannot use the Virtual Access Point on Prism based cards!
Property Description
802.1x-mode (PEAP-MSCHAPV2 | none) - to use Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version 2 for authenticationarp (disabled | enabled | proxy-arp | reply-only) - ARP modedefault-authentication (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to accept or reject a client that wants to associate, but is not in the access-listdefault-forwarding (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to forward frames to other AP clients or notdisabled (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to disable the interface or notdisable-running-check (yes | no; default: no) - disable running check. For 'broken' cards it is a good idea to set this value to 'yes'hide-ssid (yes | no; default: no) - whether to hide ssid or not in the beacon frames:no - ssid is included in beacon frames. AP replies to probe-requests with the given ssid and to 'broadcast ssid'
Notes
You can create a VAP only in the same frequency an the same band as specified in the master-interface
Example
Add a VAP:
/interface wireless add master-interface=wlan1 ssid=VAP1 disabled=no [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 R name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:31:02:4B arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5212 radio-name="AP_172" mode=ap-bridge ssid="wtest" frequency=5805 band=5ghz scan-list=default-ism rate-set=default supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default burst-time=disabled fast-frames=no dfs-mode=none antenna-mode=ant-a wds-mode=disabled wds-default-bridge=none wds-ignore-ssid=no update-stats-interval=disabled default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none 1 name="wlan2" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:31:02:4B arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=virtual-AP master-interface=wlan1 ssid="VAP1" max-station-count=2007 default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>
Now you can connect cliets to 8AP with ssid=VAP1
WDS Interface Configuration
Submenu level: /interface wireless wdsDescription
WDS (Wireless Distribution System) allows packets to pass from one wireless AP (Access Point) to another, just as if the APs were ports on a wired Ethernet switch. APs must use the same standard (802.11a, 802.11b or 802.11g) and work on the same frequencies in order to connect to each other.
There are two possibilities to create a WDS interface:
- dynamic - is created 'on the fly' and appers under wds menu as a dynamic interface
- static - is created manually
Property Description
arp (disabled | enabled | proxy-arp | reply-only; default: enabled) - Address Resolution Protocolenabled - the interface will use ARP
proxy-arp - the interface will use the ARP proxy feature
reply-only - the interface will only reply to the requests originated to its own IP addresses. Neighbour MAC addresses will be resolved using /ip arp statically set table only
Notes
When the link between WDS devices, using wds-mode=dynamic, goes down, the dynamic WDS interfaces disappear and if there are any IP addresses set on this interface, their 'interface' setting will change to (unknown). When the link comes up again, the 'interface' value will not change - it will remain as (unknown). That's why it is not recommended to add IP addresses to dynamic WDS interfaces.
If you want to use dynamic WDS in a bridge, set the wds-default-bridge value to desired bridge interface name. When the link will go down and then it comes up, the dynamic WDS interface will be put in the specified bridge automatically.
As the routers which are in WDS mode have to communicate at equal frequencies, it is not recommended to use WDS and DFS simultaneously - it is most probable that these routers will not connect to each other.
WDS can not be used on Nstreme-dual links.
Example
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless wds> add master-interface=wlan1 \ \... wds-address=00:0B:6B:30:2B:27 disabled=no [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless wds> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running, D - dynamic 0 R name="wds1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:30:2B:23 arp=enabled disable-running-check=no master-inteface=wlan1 wds-address=00:0B:6B:30:2B:27 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless wds>
Align
Submenu level: /interface wireless alignDescription
This feature is created to position wireless links. The align submenu describes properties which are used if /interface wireless mode is set to alignment-only. In this mode the interface 'listens' to those packets which are sent to it from other devices working on the same channel. The interface also can send special packets which contains information about its parameters.
Property Description
active-mode (yes | no; default: yes) - whether the interface will receive and transmit 'alignment' packets or it will only receive themaudio-max (integer; default: 64) - signal-strength at which audio (beeper) frequency will be the highestaudio-min (integer; default: 0) - signal-strength at which audio (beeper) frequency will be the lowestaudio-monitor (MAC address; default: 00:00:00:00:00:00) - MAC address of the remote host which will be 'listened'filter-mac (MAC address; default: 00:00:00:00:00:00) - in case if you want to receive packets from only one remote host, you should specify here its MAC addressframe-size (integer: 200..1500; default: 300) - size of 'alignment' packets that will be transmittedframes-per-second (integer: 1..100; default: 25) - number of frames that will be sent per second (in active-mode)receive-all (yes | no; default: no) - whether the interface gathers packets about other 802.11 standard packets or it will gather only 'alignment' packetsssid-all (yes | no; default: no) - whether you want to accept packets from hosts with other ssid than yourstest-audio (integer) - test the beeper for 10 secondsNotes
If you are using the command /interface wireless align monitor then it will automatically change the wireless interface's mode from station, bridge or ap-bridge to alignment-only.
Example
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless align> print frame-size: 300 active-mode: yes receive-all: yes audio-monitor: 00:00:00:00:00:00 filter-mac: 00:00:00:00:00:00 ssid-all: no frames-per-second: 25 audio-min: 0 audio-max: 64 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless align>
Align Monitor
Command name: /interface wireless align monitorDescription
This command is used to monitor current signal parameters to/from a remote host.
Property Description
address (read-only: MAC address) - MAC address of the remote hostavg-rxq (read-only: integer) - average signal strength of received packets since last display update on screencorrect (read-only: percentage) - how many undamaged packets were receivedlast-rx (read-only: time) - time in seconds before the last packet was receivedlast-tx (read-only: time) - time in seconds when the last TXQ info was receivedrxq (read-only: integer) - signal strength of last received packetssid (read-only: text) - service set identifiertxq (read-only: integer) - the last received signal strength from our host to the remote oneExample
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless align> monitor wlan2 # ADDRESS SSID RXQ AVG-RXQ LAST-RX TXQ LAST-TX CORRECT 0 00:01:24:70:4B:FC wirelesa -60 -60 0.01 -67 0.01 100 % [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless align>
Network Scan
Description
This is a feature that allows you to scan all avaliable wireless networks. While scanning, the card unregisters itself from the access point (in station mode), or unregisters all clients (in bridge or ap-bridge mode). Thus, network connections are lost while scanning.
Property Description
(name) - interface name to use for scanningaddress (read-only: MAC address) - MAC address of the APband (read-only: text) - in which standard does the AP operatebss (read-only: yes | no) - basic service setfreq (read-only: integer) - the frequency of APprivacy (read-only: yes | no) - whether all data is encrypted or notrefresh-interval (time; default: 1s) - time in seconds to refresh the displayed datasignal-strength (read-only: integer) - signal strength in dBmssid (read-only: text) - service set identifier of the APExample
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> scan wlan1 refresh-interval=1s # ADDRESS SSID BAND FREQ BSS PRIVACY SIGNAL-STRENGTH 0 00:02:6F:01:69:FA wep2 2.4GHz-B 2412 yes no -59 0 00:02:6F:20:28:E6 r 2.4GHz-B 2422 yes no -79 0 00:02:6F:05:68:D3 hotspot 2.4GHz-B 2442 yes no -95 0 00:40:96:44:2E:16 2.4GHz-B 2457 yes no -84 0 00:02:6F:08:53:1F rbinstall 2.4GHz-B 2457 yes no -93 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>
Wireless Security
Description
This section provides the WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) functions to wireless interfaces.
Note that Prism card doesn't report that the use of WEP is required for all data type frames, which means that some clients will not see that access point uses encryption and will not be able to connect to such AP. This is a Prism hardware problem and can not be fixed. Use Atheros-based cards (instead of Prism) on APs if you want to provide WEP in your wireless network.
Property Description
algo-0 (40bit-wep | 104bit-wep | aes-ccm | none; default: none) - which encryption algorithm to use:104bit-wep - use the 104bit encryption (also known as 128bit-wep) and accept only these packets
aes-ccm - use the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with CCM (Counter with CBC-MAC) encryption and accept only these packets
none - do not use encryption and do not accept encrypted packets
104bit-wep - use the 104bit encryption (also known as 128bit-wep) and accept only these packets
aes-ccm - use the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with CCM (Counter with CBC-MAC) encryption and accept only these packets
none - do not use encryption and do not accept encrypted packets
104bit-wep - use the 104bit encryption (also known as 128bit-wep) and accept only these packets
aes-ccm - use the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with CCM (Counter with CBC-MAC) encryption and accept only these packets
none - do not use encryption and do not accept encrypted packets
104bit-wep - use the 104bit encryption (also known as 128bit-wep) and accept only these packets
aes-ccm - use the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with CCM (Counter with CBC-MAC) encryption and accept only these packets
none - do not use encryption and do not accept encrypted packets
optional - if there is a sta-private-key set, use it. Otherwise, if the ap-bridge mode is set - do not use encryption, if the mode is station, use encryption if the transmit-key is set
required - encrypt all packets and accept only encrypted packets
Notes
The keys used for encryption are in hexadecimal form. If you use 40bit-wep, the key has to be 10 characters long, if you use 104bit-wep, the key has to be 26 characters long, aes-ccm key should contain 32 hexadecimal characters.
Wireless Aplication Examples
AP to Client Configuration Example
You need Level5 license to enable the AP mode. To make the MikroTik router to work as an access point, the configuration of the wireless interface should be as follows:
- A unique Service Set Identifier should be chosen, say "test1"
- A frequency should be selected for the link, say 5180MHz
- The operation mode should be set to ap-bridge
The following command should be issued to change the settings for the wireless AP interface:
[admin@AP] interface wireless> set 0 mode=ap-bridge ssid=test1 \ \... disabled=no frequency= 5180 band=5GHz [admin@AP] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:31:01:6A arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5212 mode=ap-bridge ssid="test1" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default burst-time=disabled fast-frames=no antenna-mode=ant-a wds-mode=disabled wds-default-bridge=none default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@AP] interface wireless>
Then we need to configure the wireless client interface:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> set 0 mode=station ssid=test1 \ \... disabled=no [admin@Client] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 R name="wlan2" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:0B:6B:30:79:02 arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5212 mode=station ssid="test1" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default burst-time=disabled fast-frames=no antenna-mode=ant-a wds-mode=disabled wds-default-bridge=none default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@Client] interface wireless>
Now we can monitor our connection from the AP:
[admin@AP] interface wireless> monitor 0 status: running-ap registered-clients: 1 current-ack-timeout: 28 current-distance: 28 [admin@AP] interface wireless>
... and from the client:
[admin@Client] interface wireless> monitor 0 status: connected-to-ess band: 5GHz frequency: 5180 tx-rate: 6Mbps rx-rate: 6Mbps ssid: test1 bssid: 00:0B:6B:31:01:6A signal-strength: -66 current-ack-timeout: 28 current-distance: 28 [admin@Client] interface wireless>
WDS Configuration Example
WDS (Wireless Distribution System) makes it able to connect APs to each other with the same ssid and share the same network. On one physical wireless interface you can create multiple WDS interfaces which will connect to other APs.
This is just a simple example how to get a connection between APs using WDS. Afterwards you can bridge it with the wireless and/or ethernet interface.
Let us consider the following example:
Router Home
- ssid = wds-test
- IP Address = 192.168.0.2
- Network Mask = 255.255.255.0
Router Neighbour
- ssid = wds-test
- IP Address = 192.168.0.1
- Network Mask = 255.255.255.0
Router Home configuration.
At first we should configure the wireless interface for router Home:
[admin@Home] interface wireless> set wlan1 mode=ap-bridge ssid=wds-test \ \... wds-mode=static disabled=no [admin@Home] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:3A:83 arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5211 mode=ap-bridge ssid="wds-test" frequency=5120 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=default tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default wds-mode=static wds-default-bridge=none default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@Home] interface wireless>
We should add and configure a WDS interface. Note that the value of wds-address is the remote wds host's wireless interface MAC address (to which we will connect to):
[admin@Home] interface wireless wds> add wds-address=00:01:24:70:3B:AE \ \... master-inteface=wlan1 disabled=no [admin@Home] interface wireless wds> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running, D - dynamic 0 name="wds1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:3A:83 arp=enabled disable-running-check=no master-inteface=wlan1 wds-address=00:01:24:70:3B:AE [admin@Home] interface wireless wds>
Add the IP address to the WDS interface:
[admin@Home] ip address> add address=192.168.25.2/24 interface=wds1 [admin@Home] ip address> print Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE 0 192.168.25.2/24 192.168.25.0 192.168.25.255 wds1 [admin@Home] ip address>
Router Neighbour configuration.
At first we should configure the wireless interface for router Neighbour:
[admin@Neighbour] interface wireless> set wlan1 mode=ap-bridge ssid=wds-test \ \... wds-mode=static disabled=no [admin@Neighbour] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 R name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:3B:AE arp=enabled disable-running-check=no interface-type=Atheros AR5211 mode=ap-bridge ssid="wds-test" frequency=5120 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-a/g=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps, 54Mbps basic-rates-a/g=6Mbps supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps max-station-count=2007 ack-timeout=default tx-power=default noise-floor-threshold=default wds-mode=static wds-default-bridge=none default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes hide-ssid=no 802.1x-mode=none [admin@Neighbour] interface wireless>
Now the WDS interface configuration:
[admin@Neighbour] interface wireless wds> add wds-address=00:01:24:70:3A:83 \ \... master-inteface=wlan1 disabled=no [admin@Neighbour] interface wireless wds> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running, D - dynamic 0 R name="wds1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:3B:AE arp=enabled disable-running-check=no master-inteface=wlan1 wds-address=00:01:24:70:3A:83 [admin@Neighbour] interface wireless wds>
Add the IP address:
[admin@Neighbour] ip address> add address=192.168.25.1/24 interface=wds1 [admin@Neighbour] ip address> print Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE 0 192.168.25.1/24 192.168.25.0 192.168.25.255 wds1 [admin@Neighbour] ip address>
And now you can check whether the WDS link works:
[admin@Neighbour] ip address> /ping 192.168.25.2 192.168.25.2 64 byte ping: ttl=64 time=6 ms 192.168.25.2 64 byte ping: ttl=64 time=4 ms 192.168.25.2 64 byte ping: ttl=64 time=4 ms 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4.4/6 ms [admin@Neighbour] ip address>
Wireless Security Example
Let us consider that we want to secure all data for all wireless clients that are connecting to our AP.
At first, add addresses to the wireless interfaces.
On the AP:
[admin@AP] ip address> add address=192.168.1.1/24 interface=wlan1 [admin@AP] ip address> print Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE 0 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.255 wlan1 [admin@AP] ip address>
And on the client:
[admin@Client] ip address> add address=192.168.1.2/24 interface=wlan1 [admin@AP] ip address> print Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE 0 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.255 wlan1 [admin@Client] ip address>
On the AP set the security to required and choose which encryption algorithm to use:
[admin@AP] interface wireless security> set 0 security=required \ \... algo-1=40bit-wep key-1=0123456789 transmit-key=key-1 [admin@AP] interface wireless security> print 0 name="wlan1" security=required algo-0=none key-0="" algo-1=40bit-wep key-1="0123456789" algo-2=none key-2="" algo-3=none key-3="" transmit-key=key-1 sta-private-algo=none sta-private-key="" radius-mac-authentication=no [admin@AP] interface wireless security>
On the client side do the same:
[admin@Client] interface wireless security> set 0 security=required \ \ algo-1=40bit-wep key-1=0123456789 transmit-key=key-1 [admin@AP] interface wireless security> print 0 name="wlan1" security=required algo-0=none key-0="" algo-1=40bit-wep key-1="0123456789" algo-2=none key-2="" algo-3=none key-3="" transmit-key=key-1 sta-private-algo=none sta-private-key="" radius-mac-authentication=no [admin@Client] interface wireless security>
Finally, test the link:
[admin@Client] interface wireless security> /ping 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 64 byte ping: ttl=64 time=22 ms 192.168.1.1 64 byte ping: ttl=64 time=16 ms 192.168.1.1 64 byte ping: ttl=64 time=15 ms 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 15/17.6/22 ms [admin@Client] interface wireless security>
Troubleshooting
Description
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If I use WDS and DFS, the routers do not connect to each other!
As the WDS routers must operate at the same frequency, it is very probable that DFS will not select the frequency that is used by the peer router.
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MikroTik RouterOS does not send any traffic through Cisco Wireless Access Point or Wireless Bridge
If you use CISCO/Aironet Wireless Ethernet Bridge or Access Point, you should set the Configuration/Radio/I80211/Extended (Allow proprietary extensions) to off, and the Configuration/Radio/I80211/Extended/Encapsulation (Default encapsulation method) to RFC1042. If left to the default on and 802.1H, respectively, you won't be able to pass traffic through the bridge.